centos下配置vsftpd虚拟用户教程[整理]

尘风发布于 2016-6-6 23:57 阅读：537 Linux

点击下载vsftp_install.sh一键安装脚本：vsftpd_install.sh

基本配置环境如下:

1.ftp用户的home目录:/data/ftp
2.所有虚拟用户的local_root目录,都放在/data/wwwroot/这里.这里为了方便,目录名和虚拟用户名一样,当然也可以不一样的
3.允许登录用户文件:/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

==========================================

1.安装vsftpd

#yum -y install vsftpd

可用service vsftpd start 命令查看是否安装成功

设置CentOS vsftpd自启动

#chkconfig --level 35 vsftpd on

2.配置vsftpd.conf文件

#vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=NO 是否允许匿名用户访问
#chroot_list_enable=YES　　　限定用户不可以离开主目录
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

chroot_local_user=YES //这里为了方便,直接默认情况下将所有用户都锁定在自己的目录里,如果不写这一行的话,就需要启用上面的两行,以后添加新账户的时候需要将用户添加到chroot_list_file来,来进行锁定用户在自己的目录里,参考:http://blog.haohtml.com/archives/857

local_enable=YES/NO 本地用户是否可以访问注：如果为NO 则所有虚拟用户都将不能访问原因：虚拟用户访问在主机上其实是以本地用户访问的
pam_service_name=vsftpd pam认证文件名在/etc/pam.d/vsftpd

guest_enable=YES 启用虚拟用户功能
guest_username=ftpadmin 指定虚拟用户的宿主用户 –centos 里面已经有内置的ftp用户了,这里我们使用重新创建的用户（注：此用户在chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list文件里所指定的用户）

user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf 设置虚拟用户个人vsftp的服务配置文件所在目录

vsftpd用户没有办法修改文件的权限的权限(chmod)，加上这两行就可以了http://blog.haohtml.com/archives/7852
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
chmod_enable=YES

创建虚拟用户配置文件目录

#mkdir /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf
#mkdir /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

四.在认证文件chroot_list里添加vsftpd虚拟用户所对应的本地系统用户

创建vsftpd运行用户ftpadmin,在创建前请确认是否有/data目录,没有的话创建一个,或者最后创建这个目录,把权限分配一下也可以(这里为了配合web使用,并没有使用默认的ftp:ftp用户)

#/usr/sbin/useradd -d /data/ftp -g www -s /sbin/nologin ftpadmin
#passwd ftpadmin

这里说明一下,如果您在前面vsftpd.conf文件里使用的是chroot_local_user=YES指令的话,则下面的一步操作可以直接跳过去,否则需要把ftpadmin写到chroot_list文件里才可以.

将ftpadmin添加到/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list文件中

#vi /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
ftpadmin

五.创建虚拟用户并生成虚拟用户db文件
安装相应的库

#yum -y install db4-utils

添加虚拟用户,(奇数行为用户名，偶数行为密码)

#vi /etc/vsftpd/vftpuser.txt
zz
aaaaa
ftp1
zzzzz

生成db文件

#db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vftpuser.txt /etc/vsftpd/vftpuser.db

六.生成认证文件文件

#vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vftpuser
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vftpuser

如果使用的是64位系统,要增加以下两句：

auth required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vftpuser
account required /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vftpuser

注：这里db=/etc/vsftpd/vftpuser 中的vftpuser 是你生成的虚拟用户的db文件.

/etc/pam.d/vsftpd文件里的默认内容可以先注释掉.添加上面两行内容.

七.创建每个虚拟用户的配置文件(配置文件所在目录为/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf,用户必须为vftpuser.txt中的用户)
这里假如添加的虚拟用户名为zz,创建的文件是以虚拟ftp用户为文件名

# vi /etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf/zz
local_root=/data/wwwroot/zzftp(虚拟用户的根目录根据实际修改)
write_enable=YES （可写）
download_enable=YES
anon_world_readable_only=NO
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
listen_port=21

创建ftp虚拟用户目录,并给虚拟ftp用户目录修改权限

#mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/zzftp
#chown -R ftpadmin:www /data/wwwroot/zzftp
#chmod -R 775 /data/wwwroot/zzftp

注意上面的目录权限值是775,因为和web一块使用,这里ftpadmin也是www一个组的,所以要有组用户的权限才可以.

七.重启vsftpd

#service vsftpd restart

#setsebool ftpd_disable_trans 1

八.测试虚拟用户

# ftp192.168.1.107

Connected to 192.168.1.107.

220 (vsFTPd 2.0.5)

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

530 Please login with USER and PASS.

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as anauthentication type

Name (192.168.1.107:root): zz

331 Please specify the password.

Password:

500 OOPS: cannot changedirectory:/data/wwwroot/zzftp

Login failed.

ftp>

查看方法

# getenforce

Enforcing 如果出现（Enforcing ）

关闭方法：
#setenforce 0 （0|1 开|关）

或者

setsebool ftpd_disable_trans 1

命令也可以.

这时,你也可以用flashxp软件来测试一下,包括文件和文件夹的权限的变更,上传和删除,重命名命令之类的.

注意:这里目前只有两个虚拟用户,如果要添加新的虚拟用户的话,需要先在/etc/vsftpd/vftpuser.txt里添加,然后再重新用"#db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/vftpuser.txt /etc/vsftpd/vftpuser.db"命令重新生成db库.不过可以写成一个shell来解决这个问题的.

如果登录的时候出现" 500 OOPS: reading non-root config file"错误,只需要将在user_conf/下的配置文件owner改为root 即可.有次我重装安装vsftpd.将上次的配置文件下载到本机上,装好vsftpd,直接将配置覆盖了一下.出现这个问题了.大家以后要注意一下.

为了后面的测试,这们这里上传一个blog程序wordpress.

九.测试web站点

至此为此我们已经把vsftp方面做的差不多了,下面我们来用这个ftp目录来做为网站的根目录,测试一下.这里我用的是Nginx的.如果您用的是apache或者其它类的,请根据实际情况来修改.

这里我采用的是nginx的include指令来添加虚拟主机站点配置信息的,比较的灵活,参考:http://blog.haohtml.com/archives/6203

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件里添加了一行 include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/*.conf; (注意不要忘记最后的分号)这样添加虚拟主机站点配置文件时,只需要在/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/ 目录里创建一个以.conf为扩展名的文件即可.

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/www.haohtml.com.conf

server {

listen 80 default;
server_name www.haohtml.com;
root /data/wwwroot/zzftp;

location / {
index index.php index.html index.shtml;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME  /data/wwwroot/zzftp$fastcgi_script_name;
include        fastcgi_params;
}

#log...

}

配置内容如上.

十.测试站点

#/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t //测试配置是否正确
#killall nginx
#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

在浏览器里打开http://www.haohtml.com就会看到这样的页面

对于CentOS5.5下安装NGINX+MYSQL+PHP+MEMCACHE的方法请参考:http://blog.haohtml.com/archives/6051

/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件：

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# The target log file can be vsftpd_log_file or xferlog_file.
# This depends on setting xferlog_std_format parameter
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# The name of log file when xferlog_enable=YES and xferlog_std_format=YES
# WARNING - changing this filename affects /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd.log
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# Switches between logging into vsftpd_log_file and xferlog_file files.
# NO writes to vsftpd_log_file, YES to xferlog_file
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd whith two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

chroot_local_user=YES
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=ftpadmin
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_conf
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
chmod_enable=YES

对于我的vsftpd配置文件见：vsftpd.conf